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The most immediately usable chemical for muscular activity is ATP or adenosine triphosphate. Food is converted partially into ATP and is stored in the cells. It is then broken down when your body sends the signal that it needs energy.
The sources for ATP energy in your body are the startup system, the 3-minute power system, and the endurance system. The first two systems are anaerobic or in the absence of oxygen, the last one is aerobic or in presence of oxygen. The startup system is good for immediate short-term use and lasts up to 10 seconds of exertion. Then the 3-minute power system takes over. The energy here is formed from the breakdown of glycogen or glucose and creates a by-product called lactic acid which can build up and cause muscle fatigue or pain. This system is good for around 3 minutes of activity. Next the endurance system kicks in. As you continue with your activity the body uses oxygen in combination with glycogen, glucose, fats, and protein from food stores to product high energy ATP. This system is useful in endurance exercise and in sports.
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